Direct and Indirect Speech: Definisi, Penggunaan, dan Contoh Kalimat

Dermawan

Berikut penjelasan tentang Direct Speech dan Indirect Speech, meliputi definisi, penggunaan, dan contoh kalimat.

1. Definisi

  • Direct Speech
    Direct Speech adalah cara melaporkan ucapan seseorang secara langsung dengan menggunakan tanda kutip (“…” atau ‘…’). Kata-kata yang dilaporkan persis seperti yang diucapkan oleh pembicara.
  • Indirect Speech
    Indirect Speech, atau disebut juga Reported Speech, adalah cara melaporkan ucapan seseorang secara tidak langsung. Ucapan tersebut diubah bentuknya, biasanya dengan mengganti kata ganti, waktu, dan kata keterangan tertentu sesuai konteks pelaporan.

2. Penggunaan Direct dan Indirect Speech

Direct Speech

  • Digunakan saat ingin mengutip perkataan seseorang secara langsung.
  • Biasanya diawali dengan kata kerja seperti say, tell, ask.
  • Contoh:
    • She said, “I am happy today.”
    • He asked, “Are you coming to the party?”

Indirect Speech

  • Digunakan untuk menyampaikan kembali ucapan seseorang dengan cara yang lebih formal atau tidak langsung.
  • Perubahan pada waktu (tenses), kata keterangan waktu/tempat, dan kata ganti sering terjadi dalam Indirect Speech.
  • Contoh:
    • She said that she was happy that day.
    • He asked if I was coming to the party.

3. Perubahan Penting dalam Indirect Speech

  1. Perubahan Tenses
    • Jika kalimat pelaporan menggunakan past tense, maka tenses dalam Indirect Speech biasanya mengalami “backshift.”
    • Contoh:
      • Direct: “I am tired,” he said.
        Indirect: He said that he was tired.
  2. Perubahan Kata Keterangan Waktu/Tempat
    • today → that day
    • tomorrow → the next day
    • here → there
    • yesterday → the day before
    • Contoh:
      • Direct: “I’ll meet you here tomorrow,” she said.
        Indirect: She said that she would meet me there the next day.
  3. Perubahan Kata Ganti (Pronoun)
    • Disesuaikan dengan konteks pembicara dan pendengar.
    • Contoh:
      • Direct: “I love my job,” she said.
        Indirect: She said that she loved her job.

4. Contoh Kalimat

Direct Speech:

  1. He said, “I am reading a book.”
  2. Sarah asked, “Where do you live?”
  3. John said, “I will visit you tomorrow.”

Indirect Speech:

  1. He said that he was reading a book.
  2. Sarah asked where I lived.
  3. John said that he would visit me the next day.
Direct SpeechIndirect Speech
My mother said, “I want to meet your roommate.”My mother said that she wanted to meet my roommate.
She said “I’ll be back soon, as soon as possible.”She said that she would be back soon, as soon as possible.