1. Pengertian Passive Voice Passive voice (kalimat pasif) adalah struktur kalimat di mana subjek menerima aksi atau tindakan, bukan melakukan aksi tersebut. Dalam kalimat aktif, subjeklah yang melakukan aksi. Sementara itu, dalam passive voice, fokusnya adalah pada aksi yang diterima oleh subjek.
2. Rumus Passive Voice Rumus passive voice berbeda tergantung pada tense yang digunakan. Berikut adalah rumus dasar untuk setiap tense:
- Simple Present:
Subjek + is/am/are + Verb 3 (Past Participle) - Simple Past:
Subjek + was/were + Verb 3 (Past Participle) - Present Continuous:
Subjek + is/am/are + being + Verb 3 (Past Participle) - Past Continuous:
Subjek + was/were + being + Verb 3 (Past Participle) - Present Perfect:
Subjek + has/have + been + Verb 3 (Past Participle) - Past Perfect:
Subjek + had + been + Verb 3 (Past Participle) - Future Simple:
Subjek + will + be + Verb 3 (Past Participle) - Future Perfect:
Subjek + will + have been + Verb 3 (Past Participle)
3. Contoh Kalimat Passive Voice
- Simple Present:
Aktif: She writes the letter.
Pasif: The letter is written by her. - Simple Past:
Aktif: He cleaned the room.
Pasif: The room was cleaned by him. - Present Continuous:
Aktif: They are building a new house.
Pasif: A new house is being built by them. - Past Continuous:
Aktif: She was painting the wall.
Pasif: The wall was being painted by her. - Present Perfect:
Aktif: We have completed the project.
Pasif: The project has been completed by us. - Past Perfect:
Aktif: They had repaired the car.
Pasif: The car had been repaired by them. - Future Simple:
Aktif: He will finish the report.
Pasif: The report will be finished by him. - Future Perfect:
Aktif: They will have delivered the package.
Pasif: The package will have been delivered by them.
4. Penggunaan Passive Voice Passive voice umumnya digunakan ketika:
- Fokus pada tindakan, bukan pelaku.
- Pelaku tidak penting atau tidak diketahui.
- Pelaku ingin disembunyikan atau tidak perlu disebutkan.
5. Ciri-ciri Passive Voice
- Menggunakan kata kerja bentuk ketiga (past participle).
- Biasanya diikuti oleh kata kerja bantu (auxiliary verbs) seperti is, am, are, was, were, been, being.
6. Tips Mengubah Kalimat Aktif Menjadi Pasif
- Pindahkan objek pada kalimat aktif menjadi subjek di kalimat pasif.
- Tambahkan kata kerja bantu sesuai tense.
- Ubah kata kerja utama menjadi bentuk ketiga (past participle).
- Tambahkan pelaku (agent) dengan menggunakan kata by, jika diperlukan. Jika pelaku tidak penting atau tidak diketahui, bisa dihilangkan.
Contoh:
- Aktif: The chef cooked the meal.
Pasif: The meal was cooked by the chef.
Dengan memahami rumus dan contoh di atas, passive voice bisa dipraktikkan dengan lebih mudah dalam berbagai tense.
